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highland charge
The Highland charge was a battlefield shock tactic used by the clans of the Scottish Highlands which incorporated the use of firearms.
==Historical development==
Prior to the 17th Century, Highlanders fought in tight formations, led by a heavily armoured warrior elite that carried heavy battle-axes or two-handed broadswords known as ''claidheamh mor'' or "claymores" – meaning "great sword" in Scottish Gaelic. However, with the widespread use of muskets and cannon, such formations became vulnerable. As a result, in the 17th century, Highlander warriors developed a lighter, one-handed broadsword with a basket hilt that protected the hand. This was generally used with a shield or "targe" strapped to the body and a "dirk" or ''biotag'' (long knife) held in the other hand. Scottish-Irish warrior Alasdair MacColla is sometimes credited with inventing the Highland charge during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms to meet a particular set of battlefield challenges.〔Hill (1999), pp. 214-5〕 The use of the charge greatly mimicked the Celtic fighting styles of battle, where one side would rush at the other in an attempt to break the line of battle.〔Hill, James Michael, Celtic warfare, 1595-1763 (2003),J. Donald〕
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